Is it permissible for a male doctor to treat a female patient in the presence of another woman only?

We have previously clarified the permissibility of a male doctor examining a woman under certain conditions, one of which is the presence of her mahram (definition).

When necessary, the examining physician must be a Muslim female doctor; otherwise, a non-Muslim female doctor. If neither is available, then a Muslim male doctor, with her mahram present.

If a mahram is not available, the presence of another trustworthy woman suffices to negate khalwa (definition) (private seclusion).

The Shafi’i and Hanbali schools of thought hold that if the physician is a stranger to the patient, there must be present someone who ensures that no forbidden act occurs, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "No man is ever alone with a woman but the third of them is Satan."