Eid and Occasional Prayers

This subtopic gathers questions on the two Eid prayers and their sermons. It also holds the eclipse prayer and the prayer for rain.

Questions readers ask here:

The Eid day itself and its customs belong under Eid Al Fitr or Eid Al Adha.

11 questions

How is the eclipse prayer performed?
For how long do the garments remain reversed after being reversed in the Prayer for Rain?
What is the ruling on the Lunar Eclipse Prayer in which the Imam does not say "Sami' Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears those who praise Him)" when rising from bowing in every rak'ah, but rather says "Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest)," except for the last bowing, knowing that he prayed five rak'ahs and performed two prostrations for each rak'ah?
Is not the Eid sermon before the prayer, which was initiated by Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, considered an innovation, and what was the motive behind his action, knowing that the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, and Abu Bakr and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, used to deliver the Eid sermon after the prayer?
When does a Muslim perform the Eid prayer?
Is the prayer for rain (Salat al-Istisqa) authentically established (sahih al-thubut)?
What is the ruling on delivering a sermon after the eclipse prayer (salat al-kusuf or salat al-khusuf), and what is the ruling on saying "Sami'a Allahu liman hamidah" (Allah hears those who praise Him) after rising from bowing in it?
Is it permissible for a Muslim community residing in an infidel land to perform the Istisqa (prayer for rain) if rain is delayed, knowing that its descent will also benefit the infidels?
What is the ruling on someone who catches the tashahhud with the congregants in the Eid and Istisqa prayers? Should he pray two rak'ahs or follow the action of the Imam?
Is one who does not attend the Eid sermon sinful? And what are the proofs for that?
If I catch the second bowing of the first unit of prayer in the eclipse prayer, what should I do?