What is the difference between obsessive whispering (waswasah) during prayer towards the Kaaba, with the imagination that the worshipper is prostrating to it, and weather forecasts and zodiac sign descriptions? And is there a physical science in the latter that makes them influence characteristics?

Disregard the whispers of Satan and pay no attention to them, for they do not affect the validity of your prayer. Strive to contemplate the greatness of Allah, and turn away from his whispers. As for astrology (ʻilm al-abraj), it is forbidden. Please review the fatwas related to the ruling on meteorology (ʻilm al-arsad al-jawwiyyah) and astronomy (ʻilm al-nujum).