What is the ruling on wiping the head during ablution (wudu')? Is it sufficient to wipe only a part of it or a few strands of hair, or is it obligatory to wipe the entire head? What is the effect of this on the validity of ablution and prayer, and what is the ruling on past prayers?
Scholars are in agreement regarding the obligation of wiping the head during ablution (wudu'), but they differ on the amount that must be wiped:
Schools of Thought and Opinions: Some, like Malik and the apparent view of Ahmad, held that wiping the entire head is obligatory. Others, such as Al-, Ath-Thawri, Al-Awza'i, Ash-Shafi'i, and the Hanafis (Ahl ar-Ra'y), permitted wiping part of the head, citing the Prophet's (peace be upon him) wiping of his forelock. Ahmad ibn Hanbal believed in the obligation of wiping the entire head for a man, while making it easier for a woman by permitting her to wipe the front part of her head.
Opinions on the Amount to be Wiped for Those Who Permitted Wiping Part of the Head: Al-Qadi: The amount of the forelock. Abu Hanifa: A quarter of the head. Ash-Shafi'i: Whatever is considered "wiping," with a minimum of three hairs.
Summary and Precaution: This is a matter of scholarly disagreement. As a precaution for one's religion and to avoid disagreement, it is preferable to wipe the entire head during ablution. For anyone who previously wiped only part of their head, it is safer to repeat the prayers.
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