Is it permissible for my husband to refuse to work for companies that do not allow him to perform Friday prayer or other prayers on time due to short break times or the distance of mosques?

The basic principle is that it is impermissible for a Muslim to work during the time of Friday prayer, except in cases of extreme necessity where one cannot find sustenance for themselves and their dependents. There is no harm in working at the aforementioned company's site, as long as one does not directly engage in or assist with forbidden acts. Otherwise, it is not permissible for him to work unless he is compelled to do so.