Mistakes in Prayer
683 questions
What is the ruling on someone who said "samiʿa" (heard) instead of "al-salamu ʿalaykum" (peace be upon you) in the final tashahhud, then remembered and said the taslim without performing the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw), believing that it was an additional verbal utterance for which prostration is recommended, and then doubt occurred to him? And is the prostration of forgetfulness valid for someone who said "Allahu" (God) only instead of "Samiʿa Allahu liman hamidah" (Allah hears those who praise Him) in the Maghrib prayer?
What should I do when I doubt the number of prostrations (sujud) in my prayer, and should I repeat the prayer if the doubt recurs, and what is the ruling if I become certain of missing a prostration while I am in the second rak'ah?
What should one do if they unintentionally laugh aloud due to the Imam's poor recitation during prayer, and do they need to do anything to atone for this sin?
Is the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) obligatory upon the follower (ma'mum) if he makes a mistake in following the Imam in congregational prayer (such as standing or sitting in the wrong place), and should he join the prayer with the Imam during the final tashahhud and then make up what he missed, or should he discontinue his prayer if the Imam makes the taslim directly thereafter?
Should the Imam return to a sitting position after standing upright in the last rak'ah of Maghrib prayer, upon being alerted by the congregants, or should he continue his prayer and perform the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) before the taslim (salutation)?
Is the Fatihah the only part of the prayer that is not repeated if one doubts having recited it while in the following rak'ah? And does the prayer of one afflicted by obsessive doubts become invalid if they intentionally add a pillar, given that the addition is of the same kind as the prayer, such as repeating the Fatihah? And should the worshipper base their actions on the minimum if they have a medical problem with concentration and sometimes forget whether they bowed or not? And does this doubt dissipate by not paying attention to it?
Must prayers in which an obsessive person unintentionally interjects words be repeated, knowing that the words may exceed two letters and may be audible?
What should a latecomer do in prayer if he doubts the number of prostrations while making up what he missed?
Does the prayer of a person afflicted with obsessive-compulsive disorder become invalid if he repeats a letter or a pillar, and when is prostration of forgetfulness (sujood al-sahw) obligatory upon him?
What should one do who forgot the first Tashahhud and the prostrations of forgetfulness (sujood as-sahw), then completed his prayer and said the Tasleem, then remembered?
What is the ruling on one who raises his voice in uttering the Two Testimonies of Faith during the Tashahhud and Sujud out of forgetfulness?
Is the prayer of one who doubts the number of rak'ahs, then completes his prayer and then performs the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) valid? And should he always add a rak'ah if he doubts the number of rak'ahs?
Is what the worshipper did correct: bowing, thinking the Imam had bowed, instead of performing the prostration of recitation, then realizing his mistake and prostrating with the Imam, then performing the prostration of forgetfulness after the taslim?
When performing the prostration (sujud) after recalling an addition to the prayer, should it be with a takbir (Allahu Akbar) or without a takbir?
Does one who was plagued by excessive doubt in his prayer, and simply proceeded as directed without thinking—such as not knowing which rak'ah he was in, or whether he recited the tashahhud—have to repeat it? And is anything incumbent upon him if he is not certain that he was excessively doubtful in all those prayers, knowing that he is often afflicted by waswas?
Is it prescribed to repeat the prostration of forgetfulness (sujood al-sahw) if the first prostration was not valid, such as when the forehead was raised off the ground? And is the prostration of forgetfulness prescribed to correct a melodic error (lahn) in Al-Fatihah before bowing (rukoo’)?
What is the ruling on someone who led the Dhuhr prayer and stood for an extra rak'ah in the last rak'ah, then returned to the Tashahhud and the Tasleem without performing the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud as-sahw) after being prompted with "SubhanAllah"?
Is a prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) sufficient for not being able to perform some postures of prayer due to their difficulty?
Is my act valid after I doubted the completeness of Al-Fatiha, reread it, and performed the prostration of forgetfulness?
What is the ruling on the prayer of someone who said "Subhana Rabbi al-A'la" (Glory be to my Lord, the Most High) instead of "Subhana Rabbi al-Adheem" (Glory be to my Lord, the Almighty) in rukoo' (bowing), then performed sujood al-sahw (prostration of forgetfulness), but then doubted whether he performed the two prostrations of forgetfulness or the original two prostrations, and whether he recited the tashahhud or not? What is the ruling on someone who suffers from intermittent flatulence continuing to be subject to the ruling of سلس (incontinence)? What is the ruling on doubting the emission of a drop of urine after drinking when experiencing frequent urges to urinate? And what is the correct wording of the tashahhud, and what are the pillars of wudu' (ablution) and is order (tartib) obligatory therein?
Does the prayer become invalid if the worshiper forgets to say "My Lord, forgive me" between the two prostrations, and mistakenly says "Glory be to my Lord, the Most High" instead?
Is it obligatory to repeat the prayers that were performed with the Abrahamic prayer mentioned in the first Tashahhud by mistake, and then followed by the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw), believing that the addition of a pillar is compensated for by the prostration of forgetfulness?
Is what I do —basing my determination of the number of rak'ahs sometimes on the غالبة الظن (preponderance of probability) and sometimes on the أكثر (the most likely)— considered correct? And is sujood as-sahw (prostration of forgetfulness) obligatory upon me in both cases? And is what I suffer from—frequent forgetfulness and absentmindedness in prayer, along with waswasah (whispers/obsessive thoughts) regarding the intention and takbeerat al-ihram—considered a shakk mustankah (habitual doubt) that exempts me from sujood as-sahw? And is there a difference between shakk (doubt), sahw (forgetfulness), and nisyan (forgetting) in this context? And what if I predominately think I am in the first prostration, should I consider it the second without heeding my predominant thought? And is it true that I should completely ignore these waswasah and enter into prayer without heeding anything?
Does the prostration of forgetfulness (sujood al-sahw) before the salutation include forgetting the takbir for bowing and the tashahhud immediately after waking up from sleep?