What is the prayer ruling for workers on a ship traveling between Egypt and Saudi Arabia, regarding shortening (qasr) and completing (itmam) prayers, knowing that their residence is permanently on the ship, the journey takes 8 hours going and 8 hours returning, they spend 7 hours in Saudi Arabia, the distance covered is 150 kilometers, and their stay in either country does not exceed 3 days? And does the prayer differ on the outward and return journeys from that during stopovers at the port?

It is permissible for workers on ships to shorten prayers (qasr), because they are considered travelers as long as they have a place of residence on land to which they return. The length of the journey or its continuous nature does not nullify the Sunnah (definition) of shortening prayers. They should shorten prayers as long as they are traveling away from their country of residence, unless they intend to reside in a particular place. If the port is connected to their city of residence, they should pray in full upon arrival there, as the ruling of travel ceases.