What is the meaning of the phrases: "ولا تمشوا ببريء إلى ذي سلطان" (And do not walk with an innocent person to one in authority), "ولا تقذفوا المحصنة" (And do not accuse a chaste woman), "ولا تولوا يوم الزحف" (And do not turn your backs on the day of the battle), and "عليكم خاصة يهود أن لا تعدوا في السبت" (It is incumbent upon you, O Jews, in particular, not to transgress on the Sabbath)?

The phrases in question appeared in a lengthy Hadith (definition) narrated by Al-Tirmidhi from Safwan ibn ‘Assal, which states: "Do not take an innocent person to a ruler," meaning do not speak ill of someone who is blameless to a ruler, causing them to be killed. And "Do not accuse a chaste woman," meaning do not falsely accuse a virtuous woman of committing adultery. And "Do not turn your backs in flight on the day of battle," meaning do not flee the battlefield when facing disbelievers. It is established in Al-Bukhari and Muslim that accusing a chaste woman and fleeing on the day of battle are major sins. These matters apply to everyone, except that the Jews were specifically warned against hunting on Saturday, based on what happened to their predecessors, as stated in the Quran: "And ask them about the town that was by the sea, when they transgressed in [the matter of] the Sabbath. When their fish came to them on their Sabbath day, appearing on the surface [of the water], and on the day they did not observe Sabbath, they did not come" (Al-A'raf: 163).