What is the ruling on loans that have lapsed due to the passage of many years, and what is incumbent upon one who stole merchandise and cannot return it or pay its price?

The door to repentance is open, no matter how great the sins. Repentance from theft requires returning the rights to their owners, unless they waive them. If the thief is unable to return the rights, they remain a debt owed by him. He is then considered in the category of one in debt who may receive from zakat (definition) to pay off his debts. If he dies before fulfilling the obligation and was sincere in his intention, Allah will repay it on his behalf.

As for unpaid bank loans that have not been waived by the banks, their right does not lapse with time. Rather, it lapses if the bank voluntarily waives it. The bank's right is only to the principal loan amount, without the usurious interest.

Stolen goods that are still in their original condition must be returned to the stores, even if by indirect means. If it is impossible to return them or their value if damaged, their value remains a debt upon the thief, which must be paid when able. If it is impossible to deliver the right to its owners, then it must be given as charity on their behalf.