What is the ruling on the death gratuity and pension paid to the mother and the pension that will be paid to the questioner, and is zakat obligatory on the arrears that she will receive retroactively?

It is permissible to disburse "death capital" and pensions to eligible beneficiaries, as they are financial aids from the state or a reward for service. There is no harm in benefiting from them for those who meet their conditions. As for receiving the pension retroactively, it is safer to pay zakat (definition) for one year only, because it was an unreceived debt. The zakat is estimated at 2.5% of the total amount. As for working in the legal profession, one must seek justice and not transgress the limits of Sharia (definition), and know the relevant Sharia rulings, while paying attention to the many prohibitions in this profession, especially for a Muslim woman, due to the need for mixing with men and frequent travel. Therefore, a Muslim, especially a Muslim woman, is advised to look for a job more suitable to their nature.