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The question

Does the phrase "this man's sin is submerged in the sea of his good deeds" imply irja' and the claim of knowing the unseen, in that his good deeds have been accepted?

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Source: FtawySummarized from the full answer at Ftawy · imported Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

The phrase "the evil of the scholar is submerged in the sea of his good deeds" is applied to a righteous person or a scholar who has slipped in a matter or made a mistake. This is said in his defense because he is known for his righteousness and knowledge, and his good deeds outweigh his bad ones. This phrase has been used for scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah, while it was reversed for Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf Al-Thaqafi. This means that an abundance of good deeds weakens the impact of sins and makes them forgivable alongside them, just as a small impurity is consumed in a large volume of water. This is not considered irja' (deferring judgment on a sinner) or claiming knowledge of the unseen; rather, it is based on what is evident from a person's righteousness and the multitude of his good deeds.

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Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
26797
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