What is the ruling regarding a female student of knowledge sitting to receive a grammar lesson without a barrier between her and the lecturer, in order to see the whiteboard, while she adheres to the lawful dress code and the manners of speaking and asking questions in a gathering of women? And does this ruling include young girls and elderly women?

It is permissible for a female student to attend a lesson given by a man if she is secure from temptation (fitnah) and observes the limits of Sharia (definition), such as adhering to the hijab (definition), avoiding seclusion (khalwah), and not speaking in a soft, alluring manner. Indeed, the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to admonish women. It is preferable for the lesson to be from behind a curtain, as a preventative measure against temptation. However, if there is a fear of temptation, then it is not permissible for a man to teach women.