How can elementary school children be taught to differentiate between similar diacritics and letters, such as the Damma and Waw, and the Kasra and Ya?

The difficulty in pronouncing words for students can be resolved by avoiding ishba' (excessive prolongation) of short vowels. Students should be alerted that a vowel does not require a letter after it, and that the diacritical mark (ḍamma, kasra, fatḥa) is sufficient to indicate it. As for a prolonged letter (ḥarf madd), it is followed by a letter of prolongation from the three weak letters (alif, waw, ya). The presence of a qualified teacher who speaks classical Arabic prevents this problem from arising in the first place.