Does the story included in the question, in which Moses (peace be upon him) relates that God answers the disobedient servant three times and the righteous servant once, contradict the teachings of the religion?

This Israelite narrative does not contradict the teachings of our religion, for it states that Allah accepts a disobedient servant if he seeks forgiveness and mercy, humbling himself before Him. Allah loves those who repent. It is reported in the Hadith: "Were you not to commit sins, Allah would do away with you and bring people who would commit sins, and then ask Allah for forgiveness, and He would forgive them." And in the Hadith Qudsi: "O son of Adam, were your sins to reach the clouds of the sky and then you sought My forgiveness, I would forgive you, and I would not mind."