Is the fatwa of Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen correct regarding the non-obligation of Friday prayer for those who do not hear the call due to their distance from the mosque, and can the situation of Muslims in Europe and our countries be analogized to it?

The Shaykh's words are correct, but your understanding of them is inaccurate; he means workers in farms outside the town. As for those inside the town, Friday prayer is obligatory upon them. Al-Khiraqi was of the opinion that Friday prayer is obligatory upon anyone whose distance from the mosque is a farsakh. Al-Muwaffaq clarified that this applies to those who are not residents of the city, but as for the residents of the city, they are required to attend it whether they are far or near. The Hanbalis restricted the obligation to a farsakh because it is the distance at which the voice of the muezzin can be heard. العلامة Al-Uthaymeen emphasizes that the correct view is that in a single town, Friday prayer is obligatory upon those at its furthest reaches just as it is obligatory upon those at its closest, even if the town is vast and there are miles or farsakhs between its ends. So, the sixth condition is that the distance between the person and the mosque should not be more than a farsakh if he is outside the town. However, if it is a single town, Friday prayer is obligatory upon him even if there are farsakhs between him and the mosque. Thus, it becomes clear that your inference from the Shaykh's words is incorrect.