Is it permissible for a woman to go out perfumed with her husband, without passing by men, and would she be sinful if men smelled her scent in the event of an emergency?

The situations in which a woman uses perfume vary, and the ruling on it differs accordingly:

1. For the husband: It is recommended, as it is part of good companionship and increases affection.

2. For temptation (fitna): It is forbidden and a major sin, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If a woman perfumes herself and passes by a gathering of people so that they may smell her fragrance, then she is such and such — meaning an adulteress."

3. With a strong presumption that the perfume will reach men: It is forbidden, even if she does not intend temptation, because perfume is an adornment that is forbidden to display to non-mahrams, and because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade a woman from going out to the mosque while perfumed.

4. With a strong presumption that the perfume will not reach men: It is permissible, such as going out in a private car to a women-only place, or to the mosque where the women's prayer area is separated from men, as long as the intention is cleanliness. The evidence for this is the action of the female Companions during Hajj and what scholars have permitted.