Is the manager's approval and signature on an employee's request for an interest-based loan to treat his mother considered aiding in usury, especially since the manager is not certain of the extent of the necessity? And is the mother's surgery considered a necessity that permits borrowing with interest?

Borrowing with usury is Islamically forbidden and is considered among the major sins. It is not permissible except in cases of dire necessity where the individual reaches the point of perishing or nearing it, or experiencing an unbearable hardship. Therefore, it is not permissible for a Muslim to borrow with usury except under these conditions, and legitimate alternatives are numerous. Consequently, it is not permissible to assist in borrowing with usury unless necessity is established; otherwise, the helper would be a partner in sin, as Allah Almighty says: "And do not cooperate in sin and aggression." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) cursed the one who consumes usury, the one who feeds it, its scribe, and its two witnesses, for they are all equal in sin.