How can I be sure that my child is not getting enough milk, which would permit me to break my fast, given that he is 54 days old and completely dependent on me, and we have no one else available to breastfeed babies? I fear breaking my fast despite feeling exhausted.

The legal concession (rukhsa) for pregnant and breastfeeding women to break their fast applies if they fear for themselves or their children from the effects of fasting. This does not mean it applies to all pregnant or breastfeeding women, but rather to those who are harmed or fear harm from fasting. This fear must be based on a strong probability, not mere illusion. This can be known through experience, signs indicating the occurrence of harm, or the advice of a Muslim doctor.

Medical studies indicate that fasting may not significantly affect the components of breast milk or the baby's growth. However, the quantity of milk might be affected. Also, fasting while breastfeeding can affect the mother's general health and cause her fatigue, especially if she is frail or has health problems.

Therefore, the concern about breastfeeding during fasting focuses on the quantity of milk. If signs of reduced milk production appear, then there is a stronger reason to take the concession. This is further confirmed if the baby is in the first six months of life, as they are entirely dependent on breast milk.