How can people believe and then disbelieve, and repeat that without being killed? And were they asked to repent before three times, or was the verse revealed before the legislation of the ruling on apostasy?

This verse was revealed concerning the disbelievers among the People of the Book, especially the Jews, who disbelieved in Jesus and the Gospel after having believed in their own prophets. Then they increased in disbelief by rejecting Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the Qur’an, even after knowing his attributes. It is also said that “increased in disbelief” means their persistence in their disbelief and sin, or their dying upon disbelief, or their repeated apostasy.