Is there a difference between al-hamd (praise) and al-shukr (gratitude)?

Scholars have differed on the distinction between al-hamd (praise) and al-shukr (gratitude) based on two views:

The first view: They are synonymous, a position chosen by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari.

The second view: There are differences between them, among which are: Al-hamd is exclusive to the tongue and can be for blessings or other things. As for al-shukr, it involves the tongue, heart, and limbs, and it is only in return for a blessing. Ibn Kathir is of the view that al-hamd is more general than al-shukr in terms of its objects (it includes inherent and transitive attributes), and more specific in terms of its medium (speech only). As for al-shukr, it is more general in terms of its medium (speech, action, and intention), and more specific in terms of its objects (transitive attributes only).

Abu Hilal al-Askari says that al-hamd is praise with the tongue for beauty, while al-shukr is an action that signifies glorification of the Bestower for the blessing, by the tongue, heart, or limbs.

Similarly, Ibn al-Qayyim holds that al-shukr is more general in terms of its types and reasons (it includes the heart, tongue, and limbs), and more specific in terms of its objects (blessings only). Al-hamd is more general in terms of its objects (it includes blessings and inherent attributes), and more specific in terms of its reasons (the heart and tongue).