Why did the father want to distribute his properties (two plots of land and a house) among his children during his lifetime, excluding one of his male sons who spent his time in education from a share of the land, knowing that the sons contributed a large part to the purchase of these properties?

Justice among children in gift-giving is a religious obligation, and it is not permissible to single out one child for a gift without a legitimate reason. If this occurs, the gift is null and void and must be returned. If the father dies, the gift must be returned to the estate.

It is permissible to favor one child in a gift if it is in the nature of a reward for assisting the parent financially, based on the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) saying: "Whoever does you a favor, recompense him." The amount of the gift must be equal to the value of the assistance provided.

If the money the father intends to give to the daughters does not achieve fairness compared to the value of the land gifted to the sons, then it is not permissible. Likewise, if the sons are singled out for an increase without a legitimate reason, or if the reason does not equate to the value of the gift they received.