What is the sin of one who is born to non-Muslim parents to enter Hellfire, and what is the virtue of one who is born to Muslim parents to enter Paradise?

Scholars have differed regarding the fate of the polytheists' children who die before reaching puberty. The verified view of the scholars is that they are in Paradise, based on the Almighty's saying: "And never would We punish until We have sent a messenger" [Al-Isra: 15], and the generality of the hadith "Every child is born upon Fitra (natural inclination to Islam)," and what was narrated in the Hadith of the Mi'raj (ascension) that the children of polytheists are in Paradise, and the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "I asked my Lord about the infants among the offspring of mankind not to punish them, and He granted me this." As for the children of polytheists who reached puberty and to whom the call [of Islam] reached but they did not accept it, they are in Hellfire.

There is another view held by some scholars that the children of polytheists are in Hellfire, following their parents, relying on verses like "And they will not beget except wicked disbelievers" [Nuh: 27] and the hadith "They are from them" in the context of the night attack. They believe that Allah knew that if they had lived, they would have acted like their disbelieving parents.

As for a disbeliever who reached puberty and to whom the call [of Islam] reached but he did not accept it, he is in Hellfire without dispute, and his excuse of clinging to what he found his forefathers upon will not benefit him.