Is it permissible to accommodate a friend in student housing if that violates the terms of the contract and exposes the student to expulsion and financial penalty, especially since the friend has no other place to stay?

Firstly: It is not permissible for a Muslim man or woman to reside in non-Muslim countries except under specific conditions, and the prohibition is further emphasized for a Muslim woman if she travels without a mahram (unmarriageable kin), due to the religious and moral dangers involved.

Secondly: If the landlord stipulates to the tenant that he must reside alone and not have anyone else reside with him, then the condition must be fulfilled, based on the Almighty's saying: (O you who have believed, fulfill [all] contracts) and the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: (Muslims are bound by their conditions). If the contract does not prohibit hosting, then she can be hosted to arrange her affairs and search for other accommodation, while seeking permission from the apartment's occupants to prevent problems.