What is the Islamic legal ruling concerning the debts Shafiq claims from the worker, and does he have the right to demand them without auditing the accounts? What should the worker do if Shafiq refuses to provide a copy of the accounts? And what is the Islamic legal ruling on Mudarabah (profit-sharing partnership) in general, how is it calculated, and how are its distributions made?

Shar'i Mudarabah (Islamic commenda) is when one person provides capital to another to invest in a business, in exchange for an unspecific, shared portion of the profit. If the shop owner is the capital provider, then the questioner is the Mudarib (investing partner). If the shop owner is not the capital provider, then he is the first Mudarib, and the questioner is the second Mudarib. For the second Mudarabah to be valid, the permission of the capital provider is required. Each party's share must be an unspecific portion of the profit, not a fixed amount. Expenses are borne by the capital provider and are deducted either before the profits are distributed or from the capital itself.