What is the ruling of the Sharia regarding a husband selling his wife’s jewelry (shabka) out of necessity to cover the cost of her caesarean section, and is she entitled to demand financial compensation for it?

The doctor's fees are not obligatory upon the husband, according to the consensus of the four madhhabs. As for the midwife's fees, there is a disagreement, and some have held that they are the responsibility of the father if her action is related to the well-being of the child.

Therefore, if the surgical operation is for the safety of the child, it is the husband's responsibility. If it is for the safety of the wife, it is her responsibility. However, if it is for the safety of both of them, the expense is divided between them.

A husband selling his wife's gold without her permission is considered an encroachment on her property, and he must return its equivalent or its value to her. However, if the costs of the operation were solely for the wife's benefit or for the benefit of both her and the child, then the husband may take from her the costs of the operation or her share of them.

The spouses are advised to cooperate and understand each other, that the wife should help her husband in his hardship, and that the husband should return to his wife what he sold of her gold if he is able.