Is taking money from the father's account in a Riba-based bank to charge a phone considered a sin, with his knowledge of this and the availability of Islamic banks?

There is no sin upon you for taking money from your father's account to charge your phone, as long as your father's money is lawful or mixed. The sin of opening an account in a usurious bank, when it is possible to open an account in an Islamic bank, falls upon your father, and you are not burdened by it. However, advise him with wisdom and gentleness to close the usurious account and replace it by opening a legitimate account with one of the Islamic banks.