What is the evidence of the scholars for the principle of "istīqrāʼ" (induction) and "tatabbuʻ" (following/tracking)?

Complete induction is a definitive proof by consensus (Ijma'), whereas incomplete induction is a probabilistic proof according to the more preponderant opinion (Rajih). This is because the prevalence of probability (ghalabat al-dhann) occurs when the ruling for an unmentioned specific instance is the same as the ruling for the majority or the more general case, which is why jurists call it "al-a'am al-aghlab" (the more general, the more common). Al-Ghazali said, "Whenever the majority is found to follow a certain pattern, it becomes highly probable that the rest will also be similar." This is supported by the principle of acting upon the apparent (al-zahir), as the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: "We judge by what is apparent, and Allah takes charge of what is hidden." Consequently, logical deductions based on complete induction yield certainty, while those based on incomplete induction yield probability.