What is the ruling on applying the term "lands of disbelief" to European countries, given the presence of many Muslims and Christians who believe in one God? Is it forbidden for a Muslim to love a non-Muslim country and consider it his homeland, defending it? Is it permissible for him to fight terrorists within the army of such a country? And does political or military work in these countries contradict Islamic Sharia?

To define Dar al-Islam (House of Islam) and Dar al-Kufr (House of Disbelief), one refers to the discourse of the jurists. As for describing an individual as a disbeliever or a Muslim, that is a divine judgment and not dependent on personal opinion. Whoever disbelieves in one messenger, like one who disbelieves in Muhammad, peace be upon him, has disbelieved in Allah and all His messengers, even if they believe in some of them, in accordance with His saying, the Almighty: "Indeed, those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers and wish to differentiate between Allah and His messengers and say, 'We believe in some and disbelieve in others,' and wish to adopt a way in between - those are the disbelievers, truly. And We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment."

Describing a person as a disbeliever does not in any way mean mistreating them. Disbelievers are of different types: belligerents have a different ruling than peaceful individuals who have not fought Muslims or expelled them from their homes. The latter group should be treated well with kindness and justice, according to His saying, the Almighty: "Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." Alongside this good treatment, there should be compassion for them and an invitation to Islam, while disavowing their disbelief and hating them for the sake of Allah, because Allah does not love the disbelievers. Disbelief is not limited to atheism and denying the existence of Allah; rather, it includes whoever disbelieves in the Messenger Muhammad, peace be upon him.