Do the outer courtyards of the mosque take the same ruling as the mosque, and is it permissible for someone in itikaf to go out to them and engage in buying and selling there?

Scholars have differed regarding the ruling on what is inside the walls surrounding the mosque. Al-Nawawi held that the precinct of the mosque does not have the ruling of the mosque, while Al-Qadi and Al-Ruhaibani believed that the enclosed courtyard of the mosque has the ruling of the mosque. Al-Mardawi held that the courtyard of the mosque is not part of it, according to the soundest opinion of the madhhab, but he transmitted from some companions that it is part of it if it is enclosed. The more preponderant opinion is that the outer courtyard, if it is enclosed by a wall and a gate, is considered part of the mosque, and i'tikaf (spiritual retreat) is valid therein, and buying and selling are prohibited; due to the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "If you see someone selling or buying in the mosque, say: 'May Allah not make your trade profitable!'" If it is not enclosed, then it does not have the ruling of the mosque, and i'tikaf is not valid therein, and selling is permissible.