What is the expiation for the five missed days from last Ramadan, and is the value of a meal for the needy calculated in Germany or Egypt? Is expiation obligatory for not making up the days of menstruation in past years due to ignorance of the ruling?

A woman is not required to offer expiation (kaffarah) for delaying the make-up of missed days in Ramadan if her delay was due to a legitimate Shar'i excuse, such as illness, pregnancy, or breastfeeding. She is only required to make up those days once her excuse is no longer present, and no fidya (ransom) is obligatory upon her in this case.

As for the days of menstruation that she did not make up due to her ignorance, she is only required to make them up, and nothing else is incumbent upon her besides making up those days because of this ignorance. This is because fidya is only obligatory upon someone who delays making up the missed fasts without a valid excuse.