What is the ruling on the prayer and fasting of one who lives in a country where the sun does not set in summer and does not rise in winter? Is he obligated to follow the timing of the nearest distinguishable country? When does the transition between the two timings occur? Is he excused for an error of a few days? And what is the ruling on his past prayers and fasting performed in this manner?

The five daily prayers must be performed in the country where one resides, according to its legal times. As for places where the night or day is exceptionally long (e.g., lasting for months), the prayer times are to be estimated based on the nearest country where night and day times are distinct. Prayers performed before their legal time must be re-offered. Fasting days during which one ate after Fajr or broke the fast before sunset, relying on the timing of another country, must be made up.