What is the ruling on fasting and prayer for residents of areas where the daytime is long, such as Greenland?

There are two scenarios for determining prayer and fasting times in countries where the length of night and day varies significantly:

1. In countries where night and day are distinct, marked by dawn and sunset, but the day may be very long or very short: For Prayer: The five daily prayers must be performed at their well-known legal times, indicated by their signs, without differentiating between the length or shortness of day or night. For Fasting: One must abstain from nullifiers from dawn until sunset in the same country, with permission to break the fast and make up for it for those who are unable to fast due to its length or who would suffer health harm from it.

2. In countries where the sun does not set in summer or does not rise in winter, or where day or night lasts for very long periods (such as six months): For Prayer: The five daily prayers must be performed every 24 hours, and their times should be estimated based on the closest country to them where prayer times are distinct. For Fasting: The beginning and end of the month of Ramadan, and the beginning of abstaining and breaking the fast for each day, must be estimated based on the closest country to them where night and day are distinct and their combined duration is 24 hours.