What is the name of the Quranic style used in verses where the servant tells his Lord what happened, despite God's knowledge of it, and what are its fruits?

The forms of supplication and asking of Allah are diverse. Sometimes, supplication takes the form of an explicit request, which is the most common. At other times, it describes the supplicant's state without an explicit request, as in the supplications of Yunus and Ayyub (peace be upon them). Supplication may also be an expression of the supplicant's or the one being asked about's state, as in the supplications of Nuh, Adam, and Musa (peace be upon them).

Describing need and destitution is a request through one's state (hal), and it is considered more eloquent in terms of knowledge and expression. The most complete forms of request combine the servant's description of their own state, a description of their Lord that necessitates His ability to grant what is sought, along with an explicit request, and a clarification of what warrants a response. An example is the Prophet's (peace be upon him) supplication for Abu Bakr: "O Allah, I have wronged myself a great wrong..."

As for the form of description and narration, it suits the context of confessing sins and repelling harm resulting from them, like the supplication of Yunus (peace be upon him).