What is the latest time for the Dhuhr prayer to be performed, and can it extend beyond 1:30 PM?

Knowing the latest time for Dhuhr is possible by relying on the locally recognized Islamic calendar, such as the Umm Al-Qura calendar. Performing the prayer at any part of its designated time is permissible, and it is not obligatory to perform it at the very beginning of its time; this is from God's mercy. Delaying the prayer beyond the beginning of its time is permissible as long as its time has not expired, and if the delay is to attain congregational prayer, then it is better.