What is the Islamic legal ruling on withdrawing money using an ATM card in the following cases: the bank deducting an amount greater than the invoice value when paying for purchases, deducting additional amounts when withdrawing from a bank other than the card issuer, and deducting commissions when purchasing in a foreign currency online, knowing that these commissions are variable and without the customer's knowledge?

It is permissible for the bank to charge fees for card services when purchasing or withdrawing from an ATM not belonging to the bank, if these fees represent an actual wage for the services provided. This has been affirmed by numerous jurisprudential bodies, seminars, and academies, who deemed these fees permissible because they are in exchange for a service and not in exchange for a debt, even if the card is an uncovered credit card. In the case of purchasing foreign currencies, the bank may charge a larger amount as a wage or profit, as long as constructive possession (al-taqabud al-hukmi) has taken place.