Is it permissible for two people to share a plot of agricultural land such that one contributes his labor and the other his capital, with the owner of the capital recovering his principal first, and then they divide the profit, and what would be a just division if this arrangement is not permissible?

The transaction mentioned is an usurious loan, because the owner of the money lent the owner of the land money to benefit from it in cultivating his land, to return it with an increase, and this is forbidden. And if the owner of the money gave the money to the owner of the land without collateral, on the condition that they divide the produce of the land, then this is a فاسدة (invalid/corrupt) sharecropping agreement.