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Does the meaning of the term "Ilahiyyat" (Theology/Divinity) among the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah correspond to its meaning among the Ash'aris, Sufis, philosophers, and others? If it differs, what exactly is meant by this term according to the Ahl al-Sunnah, Ash'aris, and Sufis, specifically?

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Theologians divide discourse on doctrines into three main categories: Ilahiyyat (issues related to the Divine), Nubuwwat (issues related to Prophets), and Sam'iyyat (issues whose rulings are received only through transmission). Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jama'ah agree with this division, but they differ on the details of the issues. They emphasize that research into Ilahiyyat should be restricted to what pertains to Allah Almighty in terms of attributes, perfection, majesty, and His rights over His servants. Engaging in the essence of the Divine Self based on the principles of the theologians (Ahl al-Kalam) or philosophy leads to innovation (bid'ah) or disbelief (kufr). As for Nubuwwat, it discusses what is obligatory for the messengers, what is permissible for them, and what is impossible concerning them, as well as what their followers owe them. Sam'iyyat are those matters whose belief depends solely on the arrival of revelation, and reason has no role in proving or denying them. Research into these matters is based on affirmation, belief, and acceptance, along with establishing their meaning, without delving into their essence.

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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