Is the sight of Allah on the Day of Resurrection exclusive to believers, or does it also include hypocrites and disbelievers?

Scholars have differed on the issue of disbelievers seeing their Lord on the Day of Judgment, presenting three main opinions:

1. The First Opinion (preferred by the author): Disbelievers will not see their Lord at all, regardless of whether they openly showed disbelief or concealed it. This is the view of the majority of later scholars, and it aligns with the general statements of early scholars. They based their argument on the Almighty's saying: "Nay! Verily, from their Lord, on that Day, they will be veiled" and His saying: "And whoever is blind in this [life] will be blind in the Hereafter and more astray in way."

2. The Second Opinion: Those who openly declared monotheism, including believers from this Ummah, its hypocrites, and some remnant People of the Book, will see Him in the arena of the Day of Judgment. Then, He will be veiled from the hypocrites. This is the opinion of Abu Bakr ibn Khuzaymah. He based his argument on the agreed-upon Hadith of Abu Hurairah concerning the believers' vision of their Lord, the presence of the hypocrites with them, and then His veiling from them.

3. The Third Opinion: Disbelievers will see Him as a form of recognition and torment, and then He will be veiled from them to intensify their punishment. This is the opinion of Abul-Hasan ibn Salim and Abu Sahl ibn Abdullah al-Tustari.

The most preponderant opinion is the first one, as it is transmitted from the early predecessors (Salaf), and the consensus of the Ummah has been established on preventing disbelievers from seeing Allah.