Is a father's refusal to marry off his daughter in Western countries, under the pretext of her completing her university studies, considered 'adhl (unjust prevention of marriage), given that suitable suitors have proposed to her, and she wishes to marry due to the difficulty of living alone in a mixed environment?

If a suitable suitor proposes and you accept him, your father does not have the right to prevent you from marrying due to your studies; studies are not a justification for prevention, and if he prevents you, he is deemed to be obstructing your marriage (عاضلاً), and guardianship transfers to the next guardian in line or to the judge.

It is advisable to discuss the matter with your father or to seek mediation from someone he respects to explain the impermissibility of his prevention and your need for chastity. If this is not possible, present the matter to the scholars at an Islamic center.

It is worth noting that residing in disbelieving lands entails numerous risks to one's religion and morals. Its permissibility is conditioned upon the Muslim being safe from temptation concerning their religion and being able to observe their rituals.