Am I sinful for saying "Damn his mother, Jihad" when I meant the factions that betray the Mujahideen, and not the Jihad ordained by Allah, knowing that I have concluded my marriage contract but have not yet consummated it with my wife?

Your words do not amount to disbelief (kufr) as long as they bear more than one interpretation, and the default is not to consider them as such. This is because whoever enters into faith with certainty does not exit it except with certainty. The scholars have mentioned that whoever performs an action that could be interpreted as apostasy or otherwise is not considered an apostate for it, due to the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Avert the prescribed punishments (hudud) from Muslims as much as you can. If you find a way out for a Muslim, then let him go. For it is better for the ruler to err in forgiveness than to err in punishment." Therefore, this has no effect on your marriage.