Does a wife's jokingly saying to her husband, "You disbeliever," entail apostasy and her departure from the marital bond, and what are the implications of this if the marriage has not been consummated at all? Is it sufficient to hold the wedding and make the marriage public with the father's consent for the renewal of the contract if necessary?

The Muslim's saying to his Muslim brother, "O disbeliever," does not entail the disbelief of the speaker by scholarly consensus. The hadith narrated concerning this is for emphasizing and warning, and it does not mean that the speaker becomes a disbeliever expelled from the fold of Islam. This hadith pertains to describing a Muslim with the Sharia-defined disbelief that expels one from the fold of Islam, not with the linguistic meanings of disbelief. One should absolutely avoid uttering this word to a Muslim, and your saying this has no effect on your marriage.