Is it permissible for a Muslim to invest in agricultural investment companies that offer profits as a percentage of total revenues or as a lump sum that increases annually?

It is permissible for the landowner and the investment company to agree on preparing, cultivating, harvesting, and selling the crop in exchange for a known percentage of the output or its price, even if the percentage is variable or the company undertakes everything. This is the view of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, who cited the action of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, with the people of Khaybar. It is permissible to stipulate a sharecropping contract within a sales contract, whereby the company commits to cultivating the land. It is not permissible to agree on a fixed amount of profit for the landowner. However, the company can rent the land for a specified amount, and it will have full disposal of the crop. It is also permissible to sell the land with an undertaking to rent it from the buyer.