Is analyzing the unlawful as lawful or prohibiting the lawful as unlawful—without knowledge or with simple knowledge—considered major apostasy that requires ghusl in addition to repentance?

It is not permissible to speak about a religious matter except with knowledge. Speaking about Allah without knowledge is one of the greatest sins, as Allah Almighty says: "and that you say about Allah what you do not know." The ignorant must refer to scholars and ask the people of remembrance. Excommunication (takfir) is a serious matter that is only carried out after fulfilling the conditions for takfir and the absence of its impediments. Sincere repentance erases what preceded it, and ghusl (ritual bath) is not a condition for its validity, as Allah Almighty says: "Except for those who repent, believe, and do righteous deeds; for them Allah will change their evil deeds into good deeds."