Is it authentically reported that the information about the earth, thunder, and clouds mentioned by Al-Qahtani in his "Nuniyyah" is sound?
The rain is vapor that rises, the thunder is the sound of clouds colliding, and the lightning is a flame that illuminates between the clouds. The rain empties from the sky, and an angel descends it. The thunder is the cry of an angel driving the clouds, and the lightning is a flash of fire with which the angel rebukes the clouds.
What is mentioned in Al-Nuniyyah reflects Al-Qahtani's understanding of the verses of the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the narrations. This information can be found in books such as Al-Matar wal-Ra'd wal-Barq by Ibn Abi al-Dunya, Al-Azamah by Abu al-Sheikh, and Al-Hay'ah al-Saniyyah by Al-Suyuti.
What is confirmed by revelation does not contradict the facts of science and experience, nor do the unseen causes, such as the actions of angels, contradict material causes.
Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah was asked about rain, thunder, and earthquakes, and he said: "Rain is created by God in the sky from the clouds and descends from them. Its substance is air and rising vapor, which is agreed upon by Muslim scholars and philosophers. As for thunder and lightning, thunder is an angel appointed over the clouds, driving them with fiery whips, and lightning is the flash of that fire. Movement causes sound, and angels move and transport the clouds, and the sound of thunder rebukes the clouds."
The disagreement regarding thunder is whether it is an angel or the sound of the clouds. Some hadiths indicate that the clouds' speech is thunder and their laughter is lightning, which supports it being a sound.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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