What should one do who makes a mistake in prayer in the following situations: - If he said or recited something that is not said in bowing (rukūʿ) out of forgetfulness, and remembered while he was bowing? - If he forgot Al-Fatiha and remembered before reaching its place in the next rakʿah? - If he forgot bowing (rukūʿ) and remembered while he was prostrating? - If he spoke impermissible words in prayer out of forgetfulness? - If he said "Subhan Allah" (Glory be to Allah) or "Allah" in glorification of Allah upon hearing a verse from the Imam? - If he said the salutation (taslīm) before completing the prayer and remembered? - What is the manner of saying "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest) in the prostration of forgetfulness (sujūd as-sahw), both before and after the salutation?

The answer to your question requires us to divide it into points so that it is easy for you and the readers to gain benefit:

1. Whoever says a prescribed remembrance (dhikr) in the wrong place by mistake: Such as reciting the Tashahhud (definition) or glorification (tasbeeh) in an unassigned place. There are two opinions: The first is that prostration of forgetfulness (sujud (definition) al-sahw) is not prescribed for it, and the second is that prostration is prescribed for it due to the generality of the Hadith (definition): "If one of you forgets, let him prostrate two prostrations while sitting." 2. Whoever unintentionally omits the glorification (tasbeeh) of bowing (ruku') or prostration (sujud): The Madhhab (definition) of Ahmad holds that the prostration of forgetfulness is obligatory because glorification is among the duties of prayer. The Madhhab of Al-Shafi'i and his companions is that the prostration of forgetfulness is not prescribed for its omission. Malik and Abu Hanifa consider the prostration to be prescribed in this case. 3. The type of prostration of forgetfulness: If one says a prescribed remembrance in the wrong place by mistake, the prostration should be after the salutation (taslim (definition)). If one omits glorification, it should be before the salutation. This is the Madhhab of Malik and the choice of Shaykh al-Islam, and it is recommended, not obligatory. 4. Whoever forgets Al-Fatiha and remembers it before the next rak'ah: He stands up without saying the takbeer, completes Al-Fatiha and what comes after it. 5. Whoever forgets bowing (ruku') and prostrates: He rises from his prostration without saying the takbeer, then completes his recitation if it was not complete, then bows and completes his prayer, and prostrates for forgetfulness after the salutation. 6. Whoever speaks unintentionally during prayer: The prayer is not invalidated by this, and it is prescribed for him to perform the prostration of forgetfulness. 7. Whoever says "SubhanAllah" upon hearing the Imam's recitation: His ruling is like one who says a prescribed remembrance in the wrong place. If he says an unprescribed remembrance in prayer, such as "Allah," his prayer is not invalidated, and it is sunnah (definition) for him to perform the prostration of forgetfulness. 8. Whoever makes the salutation (taslim) before completing his prayer: He returns to the sitting position, then says the takbeer of transition, stands up, completes the remainder of his prayer, and performs the prostration of forgetfulness after the salutation. 9. How to perform the prostration of forgetfulness: Whether it is before or after the salutation, one says the takbeer when descending for prostration and says what is said in the prostration of prayer, then rises while saying the takbeer, then descends for the second prostration while saying the takbeer, then rises while saying the takbeer and performs the salutation.