Is the polytheism of Hindus and Buddhists worse than the polytheism of the Quraysh infidels? And did the people of Ibrahim worship only idols, without believing in Allah at all, or did they combine idol worship with belief in Allah? Are there Quranic examples of peoples who believed only in false deities and did not believe in Allah at all, unlike the Quraysh infidels?

Magnifying Allah is the foundation of Tawhid (monotheism). The more a servant knows and magnifies his Lord, the purer his monotheism becomes. Conversely, the weaker this magnification, the more flaws enter into his Tawhid, as affirmed by Allah’s saying: "They have not appraised Allah with true appraisal." Hinduism is considered the most extreme form of polytheism in terms of its distance from magnifying Allah. They associate partners with Allah in both Tawhid al-Rububiyyah (Oneness of Lordship) and Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah (Oneness of Divinity), and they deify cows, monkeys, and snakes. In contrast, the polytheists of Arabia acknowledged Tawhid al-Rububiyyah, and their polytheism stemmed from their worship of angels and idols, believing that these would bring them closer to Allah. The people of Ibrahim (Abraham) believed in Allah but associated others with Him, as mentioned in Allah’s saying: "He said, 'Do you see that which you worship, you and your ancient forefathers? Indeed, they are enemies to me, except the Lord of the worlds.'" As for Pharaoh, he outwardly denied the existence of Allah out of arrogance, while being inwardly certain of His existence, as Allah states: "And they rejected them, while their souls were convinced thereof, out of injustice and haughtiness." There is no evidence of entire nations denying the existence of Allah, except for a few individuals.