Is it permissible for a father to dispose of his son's money, which the son sent to him for investment, and register it in his own name, informing his son that it has become his property and that his siblings will inherit it with him?

Your father's act of taking your money without your consent is forbidden by Islamic law, because it constitutes consuming people's wealth unjustly. The hadith "You and your wealth belong to your father" does not imply the father's ownership of his son's money, but rather permissibility in specific cases and under certain conditions, especially if the father is in need. If your father is in need, then you must give him what he requires. However, his taking your money without need or consent is not permissible. Your taking back your money is not considered an act of disobedience (uqūq), but it is advised to deal with him with gentleness and kindness, for the father's right is great.