What are examples of Sadaqah Jariyah (ongoing charity), and what are the best ways to spend money in Ramadan and otherwise, such as feeding the fasting, sponsoring an orphan, or caring for the elderly in nursing homes?

Ongoing charity is an endowment (waqf), and its reward continues after a person's death, as stated in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): "When a person dies, all his deeds cease except for three: ongoing charity (ṣadaqah jāriyah), beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for him."

Examples of ongoing charity include: building mosques, planting trees, digging wells, printing Qurans, and spreading beneficial knowledge. As for feeding fasting people, sponsoring orphans, and caring for the elderly, these are not inherently ongoing charities unless they involve contributing to the construction of a permanent dwelling for them, in which case their reward continues as long as they are utilized.

It is recommended for a Muslim to diversify the recipients of their charity to include various types of good deeds.