Does a divorce occur with the statement "you are divorced" in a moment of extreme anger, followed by an attempt to retract it after half an hour?

If you pronounce a divorce (talaq) while you are aware of what you are saying, then the divorce takes effect. Anger and rage do not prevent its occurrence as long as you are conscious of what you are saying. If this was not the third pronouncement of divorce, then your taking your wife back is valid. Divorcing a pregnant woman is a Sunnah. Be careful not to let divorce become a means of solving problems in the future, as it leads to regret. A wife leaving her husband's house without his permission is an act of defiance (nushooz) and disobedience, and Islamic law has clarified how to address nushooz.