Is it possible to interpret the Hadith: "Kingship is among the Quraysh, the judiciary among the Ansar, the Adhan among the Abyssinians, and trustworthiness among the Azd" as a division of executive and judicial authority among Muslims based on their ethnicities, or is it to be taken literally and remain constant until the Day of Judgment?

The Hadith (definition) was narrated by Ahmad and Tirmidhi, and authenticated by Al-Albani as marfu' ( مرفوعًا - elevated). The statement "(Rulership is among the Quraysh)" means that the Caliphate will predominantly be among them, or that it ought to be among them. And "(Judiciary is among the Ansar)" means that the master of judges, who is Mu'adh ibn Jabal, is from them. And "(The Adhan (definition) is among the Abyssinians)" is because the master of muezzins, Bilal, is from them. And "(Trustworthiness is among the Azd)" meaning from Yemen, because they are the most tender-hearted and gentle, and this is a praise for them, not that trustworthiness is limited to them. The allocation of positions of authority in Islamic law depends on competence and trustworthiness, not on races or lineages.